The Internet of things (IoT) describes physical objects (or groups of such objects) with
sensors, processing ability, software, and other technologies that connect and
exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other
communications networks. Internet of things has been considered a misnomer
because devices do not need to be connected to the public internet, they only need
to be connected to a network and be individually addressable.
The field has evolved due to the convergence of multiple technologies, including
ubiquitous computing, commodity sensors, increasingly powerful embedded
systems, and machine learning. Traditional fields of embedded systems, wireless
sensor networks, control systems, automation (including home and building
automation), independently and collectively enable the Internet of things.
In the consumer market, IoT technology is most synonymous with products
pertaining to the concept of the "smart home", including devices and appliances
(such as lighting fixtures, thermostats, home security systems, cameras, and other
home appliances) that support one or more common ecosystems, and can be
controlled via devices associated with that ecosystem, such as smartphones and
smart speakers. IoT is also used in healthcare systems.
There are a number of concerns about the risks in the growth of IoT technologies and
products, especially in the areas of privacy and security, and consequently, industry
and governmental moves to address these concerns have begun, including the
development of international and local standards, guidelines, and regulatory
frameworks.
Over the past few years, IoT has become one of the most important technologies of
the 21st century. Now that we can connect everyday objects—kitchen appliances,
cars, thermostats, baby monitors—to the internet via embedded devices, seamless
communication is possible between people, processes, and things.
By means of low-cost computing, the cloud, big data, analytics, and mobile
technologies, physical things can share and collect data with minimal human
intervention. In this hyperconnected world, digital systems can record, monitor, and
adjust each interaction between connected things. The physical and digital worlds
meet and collaborate.
Industrial IoT (IoT) refers to the application of IoT technologies in industrial
environments, especially in terms of measurement and control of sensors and
devices utilizing cloud technologies. Recently, the industry has adopted
machine-to-machine (M2M) communication to enable wireless automation and
control. However, with the advent of the cloud and related technologies (such as
analytics and machine learning), the industry can reach new levels of automation,
creating new revenue and business models. The IIoT is sometimes referred to as the
fourth wave of the industrial revolution or Industry 4.0. Below are some of the
common applications of IoT.
● Intelligent Manufacturing
● Connected Assets and Preventive and Predictive Maintenance
● smart grid
● smart city
● networked logistics
● A smart digital supply chain
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